As you might already know, I come up with my fair share of toy web applications.

Once created, I typically throw them on my server for a few weeks but, as the resources of good ol' Gilgamesh are limited, they eventually have to be turned off to make room for the next wave of shiny new toys. Which is a darn shame, as some of them can be useful from time to time. Sure, running all webapps all the time would be murder for the machine, but there should be a way to only fire up the application when it's needed.

Of course there's already a way of doing just that. You might have heard of it: it's called CGI. And while it's perfectly possible to run PSGI applications under CGI, it's also... not quite perfect. The principal problem is that since there is no persistence at all between requests (of course, with the help of mod_perl there could be persistence, but that would defeat the purpose), so it's not exactly snappy. Although, to be fair, it'd probably be still fast enough for most small applications. But still, it feels clunky. Plus, I'm just plain afraid that if I revert to using CGI, Sawyer will burst out of the wall like a vengeful Kool-Aid Man and throttle the life out of me. He probably wouldn't, but I prefer not to take any chance.

So I don't want single executions and I don't want perpetual running. What I'd really want is something in-between. I'd like the applications to be disabled by default, but if a request comes along, to be awaken and ran for as long as there is traffic. And only once the traffic has abated for a reasonable amount of time do I want the application to be turned off once more.

The good news is that it seems that Apache's mod_fastcgi can fire dynamic applications upon first request. If that's the case, then the waking-up part of the job comes for free, and the shutting down is merely a question of periodically monitoring the logs and killing processes when inactivity is detected.

The bad news is that I only heard that after I was already halfway done shaving that yak my own way. So instead of cruelly dropping the poor creature right there and then, abandoning it with a punk-like half-shave, I decided to go all the way and see how a Perl alternative would look.

It's all about the proxy

My first instinct was to go with Dancer (natch). But a quick survey of the tools available revealed something even more finely tuned to the task at hand: HTTP::Proxy. That module does exactly what it says on the tin: it proxies http requests, and allows you to fiddle with the requests and responses as they fly back and forth.

Since I own my domain, all my applications run on their own sub-domain name. With that setting, it's quite easy to have all my sub-domains point to the port running that proxy and have the waking-up-if-required and dispatch to the real application done as the request comes in.

use HTTP::Proxy;
use HTTP::Proxy::HeaderFilter::simple;

my $proxy = HTTP::Proxy->new( port => 3000 );

my $wait_time = 5;
my $shutdown_delay = 10;

my %services = (
    'foo.babyl.ca' => $foo_config,
    'bar.babyl.ca' => $bar_config,

);

$proxy->push_filter( request => 
    HTTP::Proxy::HeaderFilter::simple->new( sub {

            my( $self, $headers, $request ) = @_;

            my $uri = $request->uri;
            my $host = $uri->host;

            my $service = $services{ $host } or die;

            $uri->host( 'localhost' );
            $uri->port( $service->port );

            unless ( $service->is_running ) {
                $service->start;
                sleep 1;
            }

            # store the latest access time
            $service->store_access_time(time);
    }),
);

$proxy->start;

With this, we already have the core of our application, and only need a few more pieces, and details to iron out.

Enter Sandman

An important one is how to detect if an application is running, and when it goes inactive. For that I went for a simple mechanism. Using CHI to provides me with a persistent and central place to keep information for my application. As soon as an application comes up, I store the time of the current request in its cache, and each time a new request comes in, I update the cache with the new time. That way, the existence of the cache tells me if the application is running, and knowing if the application should go dormant is just a question of seeing if the last access time is old enough.

use CHI;

# not a good cache driver for the real system
# but for testing it'll do
my $chi = CHI->new(
    driver => 'File',
    root_dir => 'cache',
);

...;

# when checking if the host is running
unless ( $chi->get($host) ) {
    $service->start;
    sleep 1;
}

...;

# and storing the access time becomes
$chi->set( $host => time );

# to check periodically, we fork a sub-process 
# and we simply endlessly sleep, check, then sleep
# some more

sub start_sandman {
    return if fork;

    while( sleep $shutdown_delay ) {
        check_activity_for( $_ ) for keys %services;
    }
}

sub check_activity_for {
    my $s = shift;

    my $time = $chi->get($s);

    # no cache? assume not running
    return if !$time or time - $time <= $shutdown_delay;

    $services{$s}->stop;

    $chi->remove($s);
}

Minding the applications

The final remaining big piece of the puzzle is how to manage the launching and shutting down of the applications. We could do it in a variety of ways, beginning by using plain system calls. Instead, I decided to leverage the service manager Ubic. With the help of Ubic::Service::Plack, setting a PSGI application is as straightforward as one could wish for:

use Ubic::Service::Plack;

Ubic::Service::Plack->new({
    server => "FCGI",
    server_args => { listen => "/tmp/foo_app.sock",
                     nproc  => 5 },
    app      => "/home/web/apps/foo/bin/app.pl",
    port     => 4444,
});

Once the service is defined, it can be started/stopped from the CLI. And, which is more interesting for us, straight from Perl-land:

use Ubic;

my %services = (
    # sub-domain      # ubic service name
    'foo.babyl.ca' => 'webapp.foo',
    'bar.babyl.ca' => 'webapp.bar',
);

$_ = Ubic->service($_) for values %services;

# and then to start a service
$services{'foo.babyl.ca'}->start;

# or to stop it
$services{'foo.babyl.ca'}->stop;

# other goodies can be gleaned too, like the port...
$services{'foo.babyl.ca'}->port;

Now all together

And that's all we need to get our ringleader going. Putting it all together, and tidying it up a little bit, we get:

use 5.20.0;

use experimental 'postderef';

use HTTP::Proxy;
use HTTP::Proxy::HeaderFilter::simple;

use Ubic;

use CHI;

my $proxy = HTTP::Proxy->new( port => 3000 );

my $wait_time      = 5;
my $shutdown_delay = 10;

my $ubic_directory = '/Users/champoux/ubic';

my %services = (
    'foo.babyl.ca' => 'webapp.foo',
);

$_ = Ubic->service($_) for values %services;

# not a good cache driver for the real system
# but for testing it'll do
my $chi = CHI->new(
    driver => 'File',
    root_dir => 'cache',
);


$proxy->push_filter( request => HTTP::Proxy::HeaderFilter::simple->new(sub{
            my( $self, $headers, $request ) = @_;
            my $uri = $request->uri;
            my $host = $uri->host;

            my $service = $services{ $host } or die;

            $uri->host( 'localhost' );
            $uri->port( $service->port );

            unless ( $chi->get($host) ) {
                $service->start;
                sleep 1;
            }

            # always store the latest access time
            $chi->set( $host => time );
    }),
);

start_sandman();

$proxy->start;

sub start_sandman {
    return if fork;

    while( sleep $shutdown_delay ) {
        check_activity_for( $_ ) for keys %services;
    }
}

sub check_activity_for {
    my $service = shift;

    my $time = $chi->get($service);

    # no cache? assume not running
    return if !$time or time - $time <= $shutdown_delay;

    $services{$service}->stop;

    $chi->remove($service);
}

It's not yet completed. The configuration should go in a YAML file, we should have some more safeguards in case the cache and the real state of the application aren't in sync, and the script itself should be started by Unic too to make everything Circle-of-Life-perfect. Buuuuut as it is, I'd say it's already a decent start.